【第一场】9月27日 金伟：电化学环境过程强化
讲座题目：电化学环境过程强化
报 告 人：金伟 教授
主 持 人：赵雅萍 教授
时 间：2018年9月27日 下午1：30
地 点：闵行校区 生科辅楼208室
报告人简介：金伟，男，1986年2月生。2012年博士毕业于中国科学院过程工程研究所（美国犹他大学联合培养），导师张懿院士、Jan Miller院士；2013-2015年在加拿大湖首大学和美国密苏里科技大学从事博士后研究；2017年10月起在江南大学化学与材料工程学院工作。主持或参与国家973、国家自然科学基金、加拿大NSERC和企业合作等项目，发表SCI论文47篇（第一或通讯作者36篇），以第一发明人申请发明专利17件。
报告内容简介：新能源新材料、信息技术、化工冶金等基础工业有效支撑我国经济快速发展的同时，大量工业废弃物排放也带来了严峻的资源环境问题。战略金属资源短缺和大范围、高强度重金属污染同时发生的现象已在我国大范围出现，如紫金矿业污染事件、湘江流域污染事件等，严重制约国民经济可持续发展。因此，亟需针对我国资源特征和污染现状研发满足环保需求的绿色新过程。金伟教授紧密围绕环境科学与二次资源利用的研究方向（Waste to Wealth, W2W），针对高污染性复杂废弃物处理的难题，通过活性氧、旋流电解等强化途径，在铜、锌、铋、铬、钒等体系开展一系列相关电化学应用基础研究，通过X射线同步辐射成像等先进手段原位解析物质转化过程，研发了面向应用的废弃催化剂、锂电池、印刷电路板蚀刻废液清洁转化与利用新过程，并建成工业化示范工程2套。
【第二场】9月28日 Tan Puay Yok：Designing Neighbourhood Landscapes with Ecosystem Services
讲座题目：Designing Neighbourhood Landscapes with Ecosystem Services
报 告 人：Tan Puay Yok教授
主 持 人：韩骥 副教授
时 间：2018年9月28日 上午9：30
地 点：闵行校区 生科辅楼208室
报告人简介：Tan Puay Yok，新加坡国立大学设计与环境学院建筑系教授，景观设计硕士项目负责人，景观研究中心主任。长期从事城市绿化与建成区生态领域的科学、政策、实践研究与教学工作。他通过将科学研究与城市公共部门的管理经历，以及实践经验相结合，致力于将理论知识应用于城市绿化从而提高环境品质以及社会福祉水平。此外，他还担任基金评审专家、一系列国际知名杂志（例如，城市研究领域世界排名第一的SCI/SSCI双检索期刊《Landscape and Urban Planning》）的副主编与编委等职务。
报告内容简介：Neighbourhood landscapes are the quintessential forms of landscapes in most cities. These are the green spaces that buildings and infrastructures are embedded in—the myriad interstitial spaces between buildings, peripheral plantings at edge of residential plots, and increasingly, vegetated areas on buildings. Despite their small individual sizes, neighbourhood landscapes collectively constitute a rather large proportion of cities’ vegetative cover. As landscapes, they have the potential to influence the ecology and quality of the urban environment, improve the well-being urban dwellers, and forge identity, sense of place and care for the environment. This potential increases markedly for neighbourhood landscapes because of their large land uptake and proximity to the large majority of urban dwellers. But because of their mundaneness and small size, they are seldom the attention of designers compared to large gardens or green infrastructure projects. There is scant literature in the world on conceptual framework, approaches and design guidelines for the planning and design of neighbourhood landscapes, especially in the context of high-density estates which will increasingly need to house more people in the rapidly urbanising regions of Asia and elsewhere in the world. This talk presents highlights of the project undertaken in collaboration with the Housing and Development Board, National Parks Board and Urban Redevelopment Authority on development of a conceptual framework and guidelines that could maximize the potential of neighbourhood landscapes through urban ecosystem services. This presentation gives an overview of this project, covering the interdisciplinary.
【第三场】9月30日 宋从和：The Socioeconomic Effects of China’s Forest Restoration and Conservation Programs
讲座题目：The Socioeconomic Effects of China’s Forest Restoration and Conservation Programs
报 告 人：宋从和 教授
主 持 人：李俊祥 教授
时 间：2018年9月30日 上午9:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：
报告内容简介: 随着中国经济的全面增长，退耕还林计划(CCFP)与生态公益林计划(WFP)都成功地实现了土地利用的转化和保护，对农村居民的生计产生了深远的影响。本场讲座将介绍中美合作项目的最新发现，该项目主要研究CCFP对中国安徽自然系统和人类系统耦合动力学的影响，同时将重点探讨上述两项计划对农田废弃、薪柴使用和农村外迁移民的影响。
【第四场】9月30日 Stephen J. Walsh： Linking Social, Terrestrial, and Marine Subsystems in Islands Ecosystems – the Case of the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador
讲座题目：Linking Social, Terrestrial, and Marine Subsystems in Islands Ecosystems – the Case of the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador
报 告 人：Stephen J. Walsh 教授
主 持 人：李俊祥 教授
时 间：2018年9月30日 上午10:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：
Stephen J. Walsh是美国北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校杰出的地理学教授，是该校加拉帕戈斯倡议的创始人，加拉帕戈斯研究中心以及厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛圣克里斯托巴岛的UNC-USFQ加拉帕戈斯联合科学中心主任。他的研究和教学兴趣是利用岛屿生态系统、人与自然耦合系统、地理空间技术和空间模拟模型等理论与技术，研究人与环境之间的相互作用、非线性动力学以及人、系统和组织的适应性行为。
报告内容简介: 厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛独特的生态系统已成为岛屿生物地理学研究的活的实验室，但如今却受到全球化的挑战，诸如日益增长的人口（居民和游客）的消费需求，以及与经济发展、气候和环境变化相关的环境退化的困扰。研究利用已开展的工作实例，使用基于代理模型和动态系统模型来检验人类-自然耦合系统。通过数据收集活动、卫星图像处理和过程变量来综合检验人类与岛屿生态系统的变化情景与适应性行为。
【第五场】10月15日 Timothy Davis： Learning from the past: Improving and maintaining water quality requires science, policy and endurance
讲座题目：Learning from the past: Improving and maintaining water quality requires science, policy and endurance
报 告 人：Timothy Davis 终身副教授
主 持 人：陈雪初 副教授
时 间：2018年10月15日 下午1:00
地 点：闵行校区 生科辅楼208室
报告人简介：Timothy Davis为美国博林格林州立大学（Bowling Green State University）副教授，美国EPA科学委员会顾问（EPA’s Board of Scientific Counselors），密歇根大学兼职研究员，曾任美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）五大湖环境研究实验室主任研究员。从事浮游植物生态学（有害藻华），分子生物学以及水体富营养化等方面的研究。Timothy Davis研究员先后在石溪大学，格里菲斯大学，加拿大环境局，NOAA等机构进行科学研究，具有丰富的科研经历和实际工作经验。其从事有害蓝藻水华的研究已有十年之久，近期其关于有毒蓝藻水华动态变化机制研究受到国际瞩目。作为蓝藻水华领域国际著名学者，Timothy Davis近年承担营养盐对有害藻华的影响，基因组学以及藻毒素等方面的多项课题，并且已在EST等相关领域高水平杂志上发表文章二十余篇。
报告内容简介: For many decades, Lake Erie has oscillated between being the poster child for poor water quality and environmental health due to human activity to a global example of a successful large lake restoration. Currently, Lake Erie is once again experiencing the symptoms of nutrient pollution, harmful algal blooms and hypoxic zones, also known as low oxygen regions. Harmful algal blooms, that primarily occur in the western basin, have caused human health scares due to contaminated drinking water as well as economic losses to the region. Recently, the State of Ohio listed the open waters of Lake Erie as impaired due to harmful algal blooms. Dr. Davis will discuss the global trends in degrading water quality and the increasing prevalence of harmful algal blooms, lessons learned from the past, the current state of the science as well as what needs to continue in the future to reduce the size, duration and toxicity of harmful algal blooms in western Lake Erie.
【第六场】10月17日 柯琳： TeraHertz Application in Biomedical and Food Application
讲座题目：TeraHertz Application in Biomedical and Food Application
报 告 人：柯琳 研究员
主 持 人：陈超 研究员
时 间：2018年10月17日 10:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Dr. KE Lin is from Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research. Lead investigator. She obtained her PhD from National University of Singapore. She is a senior research scientist and in-charge of the THz and Femtosecond laser lab in A*Star IMRE. She has been doing research in the field of nanophotonics, meta-materials, surface plasmonic structures and devices, Organic Green Electronics devices for more than 15 years in IMRE A*Star and lead various of A*Star projects, industry projects and inter-university collaboration projects.
报告内容简介：Terahertz wave is situated between the infrared and microwave spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum with a frequency range from 0.1 to 10THz. As different molecules absorb unique amounts of energies for their intermolecular activities in the Terahertz range, Terahertz wave can be used to detect rotational and vibrational activities of a specific molecule. Thus, different materials can be characterized by their unique vibrational, structural and electronic properties, giving rise to exclusive fingerprint spectra. Terahertz spectroscopy is also safe to be used as it can penetrate many materials, yet it is non-ionizing. In addition, Terahertz spectroscopy is highly accurate due to its fast sampling time of sub- picosecond in showing peak spectral response. Also, with the use of Terahertz Spectroscopy, material dependent parameters such as complex refractive index can be calculated without the use of the complicated Kramer’s- Kronig relations.
Recent developments in the field of Terahertz has resulted in the discovery of its potential application in numerous fields. In Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, researchers have been working on the THz hardware prototype development, as well as various applications, such as biomedical and food. In this presentation, I will present the updated research results related to THz application in various applications.
【第七场】10月22日 Jean-Yves Rasplus ： Amplicon sequencing and its usefulness for species identification, diversification and community analyses of fig wasps, methods, analytical pipeline and results
题 目：Amplicon sequencing and its usefulness for species identification, diversification and community analyses of fig wasps, methods, analytical pipeline and results
报告人：Jean-Yves Rasplus 教授
主持人：陈小勇 教授
时 间：2018年10月22日 下午13:30
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Jean-Yves Rasplus教授现任职于法国国家农业研究所(French National Institute for Agricultural Research)，主要研究方向为昆虫与植物的相互作用关系，重点研究领域为榕与榕小蜂的互利共生关系与协同进化。Rasplus教授目前已发表SCI论文200余篇，主要研究成果已发表于Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Systematic Biology等国际知名期刊。
报告内容简介：采用DNA分子标记对物种进行正确分类、鉴定是生态与进化研究的重要基础。本次讲座将介绍扩增子测序这一新兴测序技术及其在物种鉴定中的应用价值，同时以榕小蜂为例具体介绍如何应用该技术研究物种分化与群落结构。
【第八场】10月23日 Jean-Yves Rasplus ：Co-diversification and co-speciation of figs and wasps, our past results and current projects
题 目：Co-diversification and co-speciation of figs and wasps, our past results and current projects
报告人：Jean-Yves Rasplus 教授
主持人：陈小勇 教授
时 间：2018年10月23日 上午10:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Jean-Yves Rasplus教授现任职于法国国家农业研究所(French National Institute for Agricultural Research)，主要研究方向为昆虫与植物的相互作用关系，重点研究领域为榕与榕小蜂的互利共生关系与协同进化。Rasplus教授目前已发表SCI论文200余篇，主要研究成果已发表于Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Systematic Biology等国际知名期刊。
报告内容简介：榕与其传粉榕小蜂构成一个具有高度专一性的互利共生体系，一种榕属植物通常只有一种传粉榕小蜂为其传粉，同时这种榕属植物往往也是其传粉榕小蜂的唯一宿主。因此，这一共生体系已成为研究动植物间相互作用关系与协同进化的重要模式系统。本次讲座将对该体系中已有的协同进化与协同成种的研究结果进行归纳总结，同时展望未来，深入探讨如何采用新兴技术尤其是基于基因组技术开展高水平研究。
【第九场】10月23日 Jean-Yves Rasplus ：RAD-seq for phylogenies and hybridization tests, methods, analytical pipeline and results
题 目：RAD-seq for phylogenies and hybridization tests, methods, analytical pipeline and results
报告人：Jean-Yves Rasplus 教授
主持人：陈小勇 教授
时 间：2018年10月23日 下午13:30
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Jean-Yves Rasplus教授现任职于法国国家农业研究所(French National Institute for Agricultural Research)，主要研究方向为昆虫与植物的相互作用关系，重点研究领域为榕与榕小蜂的互利共生关系与协同进化。Rasplus教授目前已发表SCI论文200余篇，主要研究成果已发表于Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Systematic Biology等国际知名期刊。
报告内容简介：榕与其传粉榕小蜂构成一个具有高度专一性的互利共生体系，一种榕属植物通常只有一种传粉榕小蜂为其传粉，同时这种榕属植物往往也是其传粉榕小蜂的唯一宿主。这一共生体系已成为研究动植物间相互作用关系与协同进化的重要模式系统。本次讲座将具体介绍如何运用简化基因组RAD-seq技术分析榕属植物的系统发生关系，总结现有成果，并展望未来研究。
【第十场】10月25日 Jean-Yves Rasplus ：Phylogenomics of chalcid wasps and fig wasps using UCE capture, methods, analytical pipeline and results
题 目：Phylogenomics of chalcid wasps and fig wasps using UCE capture, methods, analytical pipeline and results
报告人：Jean-Yves Rasplus 教授
主持人：陈小勇 教授
时 间：2018年10月25日 上午9:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Jean-Yves Rasplus教授现任职于法国国家农业研究所(French National Institute for Agricultural Research)，主要研究方向为昆虫与植物的相互作用关系，重点研究领域为榕与榕小蜂的互利共生关系与协同进化。Rasplus教授目前已发表SCI论文200余篇，主要研究成果已发表于Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Systematic Biology等国际知名期刊。
报告内容简介：榕与其传粉榕小蜂构成一个具有高度专一性的互利共生体系，一种榕属植物通常只有一种传粉榕小蜂为其传粉，同时这种榕属植物往往也是其传粉榕小蜂的唯一宿主。这一共生体系已成为研究动植物间相互作用关系与协同进化的重要模式系统。本次讲座将具体介绍如何运用基因组超保守区域筛选与测序技术分析榕小蜂科物种的系统发生关系，并对现有成果进行总结与讨论。
【第十一场】10月26日 James M. Tiedje：Metagenomics Intrigue: the Genetic Foundation of Microbiomes
题 目：Metagenomics Intrigue: the Genetic Foundation of Microbiomes
报告人：James M. Tiedje 教授 美国科学院院士
主持人：邓杰 研究员
时 间：2018年10月26日 上午10:00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼148室
报告人简介：
James M. Tiedje，密歇根州立大学教授，现代微生物生态学的开创者之一，长期致力于微生物生态学和环境微生物技术的前沿领域研究；于1985年当选美国科学促进会Fellow，1993年获联合国教科文组织的Finlay奖，2003年当选美国科学院院士；曾任美国微生物学会主席，美国自然科学基金会微生物生态中心主任，Applied and Environmental Microbiology期刊主编；2010年被聘为中国科学院爱因斯坦讲席教授；先后共发表500多篇高水平的学术论文，被引用80000多次，H指数超过140。
报告内容简介：Metagenomics and its derivative, the microbiome, has become a core of new age microbial ecology. Metagenomics has advanced rapidly and taken many directions - those determined by the various methods employed, the complexity of the different communities, the resources available and of course the compelling questions. My lab has focused recently on ecofunctional genes, i.e. those genes that directly control important ecological function. I will illustrate with two examples: one of soil and its rhizosphere microbiome of biofuel crops, and the other of understanding the ecology of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. I will show how new computational tools, especially gene–targeted assembly using Xander, helps quantify and categorize N cycle and other genes, and how we can assimilate metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic data from field soil to gain some insight into rhizosphere activities. For antibiotic resistance we used highly parallel qPCR, with over 300 primer pairs for antibiotic resistances and mobile genetic elements, and long read sequencing, to assess quantity, type, potential mobility and fate of natural and human selected resistomes. Metagenomics and microbiome science is a field with big opportunities since there are many habitats, directions and needs, especially for creative ways to interrogate data to uncover new knowledge. It is a great opportunity area for students.【第十二场】10月27日 周宁一：对羟基苯甲酸分解代谢中羧基分子内迁移的机理
报告人：周宁一 教授 中科院百人计划入选者
主持人：谢冰 教授
时 间：2018年10月27日 上午8：45
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼148室
报告人简介：上海交通大学特聘教授。生命科学技术学院微生物科学系系主任，微生物代谢国家重点实验室分子环境微生物研究组组长。获武汉大学微生物学专业学士和英国伦敦帝国理工学院(Imperial College London)微生物学专业博士学位，并在帝国理工学院和威尔士大学(University of Wales, Bangor)从事博士后研究曾任中国科学院武汉病毒研究所研究员，中国科学院农业与环境微生物重点实验室主任。现任中国微生物学会常务理事，中国微生物学会环境微生物学专业委员会主任，《微生物通报》副主编，Editor for Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)。主要从事微生物分解代谢有机污染物以及合成生物学在污染控制中的应用等研究。在Molecular Microbiology, J.Bacteriology, Analytic Chemistry, AEM 等学术刊物发表论文80余篇。2014年至2017年连续4年入选爱思唯尔（Elsevier）发布的中国高被引学者榜单（“免疫与微生物学”领域）。2010年获"国务院政府特殊津贴"。
报告内容简介：NIH shift是酶催化苯环上羟基化反应时引起的一种基团分子内迁移的现象，羧基的分子内迁移主要发现于微生物的对羟基苯甲酸(PHB)有氧分解代谢中。Brevibacillus laterosporus PHB-7a通过龙胆酸(GA)代谢PHB的途径伴随着羧基的NIH迁移，但该现象发现40多年来依然没有其分子机理的解释。本研究通过转录组分析发现了该菌株中PHB代谢的完整编码基因，通过分子生物学和酶学研究对编码基因逐个进行功能验证。PhgC，PhgA，PhgB分别为对羟基苯甲酰辅酶A连接酶(p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA ligase)对羟基苯甲酰辅酶A羟化酶(p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA hydroxylase)，龙胆酰辅酶A硫脂酶(gentisyl-CoA thioesterase)。在这三个酶的顺序催化作用下通过硫酯化合物的形成、苯环羟基化和硫酯键的水解这三步反应，将PHB转化为GA，最终完成羧基的分子内迁移，揭示了PHB中羧基分子内迁移的本质其实是p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA羟基化反应时引起的酰基辅酶A（acyl-CoA）的迁移， 并证明了PHB的羧基分子内的迁移和保留。该研究从基因和酶学水平详细阐述了尚未知晓的羧基分子内迁移的分子机理，揭示了硫酯化合物在生物化学过程中新的作用，也揭示了微生物分解代谢芳烃化合物的多样性。
【第十三场】10月29日 Simeon Smaill ：Bringing a microbial dimension to the management of current and future forests
题 目：Bringing a microbial dimension to the management of current and future forests报告人：Simeon Smaill 研究员
主持人：周小奇 教授
时 间：2018年10月29日 上午9：00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：
Dr. Simeon Smaill is as a PI in the Forest Systems group of Scion, which is the New Zealand government organisation tasked with forest research. Dr. Smaill received his Ph. D from Canterbury University. Dr. Smaill’s research mainly focuses on soil-microbial interactions in planted forests, extending to models of forest nutrient cycling, the activity of plant growth promoting microbes, and the implications of climate change on soil function. Dr Smaill is currently leading several large projects exploring the potential to enhance the productivity of forest systems by understanding and manipulating microbial interactions, and has published various papers describing the results of this work in top journals in Trends in Plant Sciences, Journal of Ecology etc.
报告内容简介：The activity of the soil microbial community is fundamental to the health and productivity of planted forests. This influence is evident in the role of soil microbes in nutrient cycles and resource uptake, and extends to stress tolerance, immune response and the hormonal regulation of growth. Despite this importance, microbial interactions are largely not considered in conventional forest management in New Zealand. To address this gap, Scion has reinvigorated research in this area through examinations of the beneficial activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in seedling nurseries and the forest, exploration of the associations between different Pinus radaita genotypes and growth promoting bacteria, and the effect of various treatments and management practices on the activity of these important microbial communities. This research has determined that the relationship between planted trees, soil microbes and management is very dynamic, with potentially long lasting implications for the soil processes that support forest productivity. Various opportunities to improve tree performance have been identified, enabling reductions in the use of chemicals to support productivity. The application of aspects of this research into large scale operational practice is now underway.【第十四场】10月29日 Yakov Kuzyakov ：Urban soils as hotspots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factors
题 目：Urban soils as hotspots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factors
报告人：Yakov Kuzyakov 教授
主持人：周小奇 教授
时 间：2018年10月29日 上午10：00
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：
Prof. Yakov Kuzyakov has been working as a director of Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, and department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Germany. As a famous soil ecologist, his research focuses on soil - plant - microorganisms interactions, such as priming effects, soil biogeochemistry cycling including C and N transformations. He has published a great number of papers, including 3 hot papers (top 0.1% citations) and 19+ highly cited papers (top 1% citations). Prof. Kuzyakov has acted as the member of the editorial board of top ranking journals, such as Global Change Biology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, European Journal of Soil Biology, Biogeosciences, Land Degradation and Development, etc. For more information, welcome to his website: http://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/212970.html
报告内容简介：Urban soils accumulate carbon (C) in deep horizons over centuries and consequently large C stocks may be sequestered beneath cities. Data on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), black (pyrogenic) carbon (BC) and nitrogen (N) contents and stocks in urban soils was collected from 100 peer-reviewed papers. For the wide range of climatic conditions, total C content in urban soils was 1.5-3 times higher and C accumulation was much deeper compared to natural soils, resulting in 3-5 times larger total C stocks. Long-term С input from outside the cities and associated C accumulation coincided with upward soil growth of ~ 50 cm per century, and continuous accumulation of 15-30 kg C m-2 per century in urban soils and cultural layers. We conclude that, despite the relatively small area of cities (2.5%), urban soils are hotspots of long-term soil C sequestration worldwide (between 7 and 13%), and the importance of urban soils will increase in future with global urbanization.【第十五场】10月29日 Yakov Kuzyakov ：Universal approach to link microbial growth, death, turnover and maintenance in steady state ecosystems
题 目：Universal approach to link microbial growth, death, turnover and maintenance in steady state ecosystems
报告人：Yakov Kuzyakov 教授
主持人：周小奇 教授
时 间：2018年10月29日 上午10：45
地 点：闵行校区 资环楼435室
报告人简介：Prof. Yakov Kuzyakov has been working as a director of Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, and department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Germany. As a famous soil ecologist, his research focuses on soil - plant - microorganisms interactions, such as priming effects, soil biogeochemistry cycling including C and N transformations. He has published a great number of papers, including 3 hot papers (top 0.1% citations) and 19+ highly cited papers (top 1% citations). Prof. Kuzyakov has acted as the member of the editorial board of top ranking journals, such as Global Change Biology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, European Journal of Soil Biology, Biogeosciences, Land Degradation and Development, etc. For more information, welcome to his website: http://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/212970.html
报告内容简介：Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a fundamental parameter of carbon (C) utilization by (micro)organisms and is central for understanding C and energy cycling. Originating from pure culture chemostat studies and based on biomass increase, the common CUE has many limitations for application in natural ecosystems (soils, aquatic systems, sediments), functioning under steady state and where microbial growth is compensated by death. To overcome the limitations of biomass based CUE, we suggest a CUE concept based on C utilization but independent on biomass changes, that can be applied for growing, constant, starving and dying microorganisms, as well as production of cellular and extracellular microbial compounds (storage or extracellular polysaccharides, exoenzymes). The suggested CUE is based on incorporation of the added C into microbial cells and its subsequent decrease with time because of maintenance (including cell internal recycling processes) and microbial turnover (growth and death). The suggested CUE concept overcomes not only the previous limitations based on biomass increase, but also considers the time as main CUE factor; unifies CUE with maintenance and turnover, growth and death; works for individual cells and microbial communities; and reflects the stability of microbial life based on high efficiency of C recycling.
【第十六场】10月29日 Andreas Roloff ：Vitality assessment of trees and the influence of ageing processes
题 目：Vitality assessment of trees and the influence of ageing processes
报告人：Andreas Roloff 教授
主持人：达良俊 教授
时 间：2018年10月29日 下午13：30
地 点：闵行校区 生科辅楼119室
报告人简介：Andreas Roloff，德国德累斯顿工业大学林学院和建筑学院园林系教授，1986年哥根廷大学林学系获博士学位，后在哥廷根大学林业植物研究所、哥廷根大学林科院工作，1994年起，任德累斯顿工业大学林学院教学院长、 建筑学院园林系教授。
报告内容简介：In this presentation general methodical problems of vitality assessments of deciduous trees are discussed; existing disparities or contradictions are pointed out if assessments based on 'leaf loss' and based on crown structures are compared. The necessity of considering the branching pattern is substantiated and the methods developed to date are presented.
With the help of the 'shoot base scars', it becomes possible to reconstruct the crown development of the last 10 years, and in some species of decades. In every investigated (broad leaved) tree species there are four growth stages to discriminate: exploration, degeneration, stagnation, and resignation. These stages, which result in fundamental modifications of the branching structure, are due to (statistically significant) decreasing shoot lengths. Especially in the leafless state these different branching structures in the treetop are perceived from a distance (and in aerial photographs, as well). They are the basis of vitality assessment in four vitality classes.
By using this approach which is based on branching structures a long-term chronic decrease of vitality can be recognized. Therefore, it is a practical method to use in detecting stress and decline in urban and forest trees. This method has been tested and confirmed in many studies and is now used in European countries for urban and forest tree assessment.
To interpret the results of vitality assessment correctly, the tree age has to be taken into consideration. A proposal for this approach is demonstrated.
In ideal examples, 10 life stages can be identified in very long-lived tree species. In order to make it easier to account for the essential factor of a tree's age when assessing the tree's vitality, tree species should be differentiated into three groups: SL: short-lived (< 100 ys.), ML: medium long-lived (150 to 300 ys.), LL: long-lived species (> 400 ys.).
