讲座题目：Ecological Issues in Two National Parks in Western United States: Grand Canyon NP and Yellowstone NP美国大峡谷和黄石公园的生态问题
主讲人：Duncan T. Patten教授
主持人：象伟宁教授
时间：2015-11-17 13:00
地址：闵行校区 生科辅楼城市生态实验室一楼119会议室
主办单位：生态与环境科学学院、科技处
报告人简介： Patten教授是蒙大拿水研究中心的主任，也是蒙大拿州立大学土地资源与环境科学系的研究教授。他曾担任过亚利桑那州立大学环境研究中心的主任，同时也是亚利桑那州立大学生命科学学院的名誉退休教授。Patten教授本科毕业于阿姆斯特大学，硕士毕业于马萨诸塞州大学阿姆斯特分校，博士毕业于杜克大学。他的研究兴趣包括贫瘠地区以及山区的生态系统，尤其是水滨、湿地和河流生态系统的生态过程研究。Patten教授的研究还包括流域和国家公园的生态系统指标以及概念模型。他同时服务于华盛顿州科学院委员会，检验普及海湾的健康与恢复性指标。Patten教授还是改造格伦峡谷环境研究局的高级科学家，负责评价格伦峡谷大坝对科罗拉多河域生态系统的影响。Patten教授曾是亚利桑那河滨委员会首任主席、湿地科学家学会主席和美国生态学会商务经理。他目前是美国科学促进会和美国生态学会的研究员。同时也是美国国家咨询中心/美国国家科学院环境研究、毒理学、地球科学、环境与资源等7个理事会成员；而且Patten教授还主持其中2个理事会，其一是莫诺河流域生态系统。Patten教授服务于国家科学基金会生物/生态科学研究小组，他还参与亨氏中心的全国生态系统状态发展的项目，并兼任美国环保署科学咨询委员会的成员。
报告简介：National parks in the United States, as well as across the globe, constantly face challenges resulting from high densities of human visitors as well as ecological issues within the parks resulting from changing natural resources. Two national parks in western United States have faced different ecological management issues and addressed these in different ways. Grand Canyon NP has a changing and deteriorating riverine system (e.g., aquatic organisms and riparian vegetation) resulting from operations of Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River upstream of the Park. Yellowstone NP has had deteriorating grass/shrub and riparian ecosystems resulting from an imbalance in ecosystem components (e.g., herbivores and predators). To address the riverine issues within Grand Canyon recommendations were made on how to operate Glen Canyon Dam. One recommendation was to periodically simulate high flows which move sediment onto the banks along the river and reset riverine ecosystems. A high flow experiment was held in 1996 and several times since. The planning and results of the first of these experimental floods through Grand Canyon NP will be discussed. To address the ecosystem imbalances in Yellowstone NP, wolves were reintroduced in 1995. Studies now show that reintroduction of the top predator has modified the herbivore populations resulting in recovering of shrub and riparian ecosystems within the Park. How changing ecosystem components interact within Yellowstone NP will be discussed.
